This study investigated the efficiency of a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane bioreactor in treating wastewater. The performance of the bioreactor was evaluated based on various parameters, including removal rates of organic matter, nutrient removal, and membrane fouling. The results demonstrated that the PVDF hollow fiber membr

PVDF membrane bioreactors are considered a promising technology for treating wastewater. These systems harness porous PVDF membranes to remove contaminants from wastewater, producing a high-quality effluent. Ongoing studies show the effectiveness of PVDF membrane bioreactors in treating various contaminants, including biochemical oxygen demand. The